Belajar Bahasa Dusun Sabah

Hello! so today aku nak ajar sedikit sebanyak tentang bahasa Dusun sabah. Fyi, aku adalah anak Sabah juga tetapi berbangsa Bajau. Aku sangat meminati bahasa bahasa kaum yg ada di Sabah kerana ianya unik. Senang je sebenarnya nak belajar bahasa Dusun ni! Ready? Jom!


Contoh Perkataan:

amu = tidak
diti / iti = ini
nopo = ialah/adalah
boros = cakap
mimboros = bercakap
oku = saya/aku
koilo = tahu
miagal = sama
suai = lain
osonong = baik
kopio = amat/sangat
osonong kopio = baik sekali/ sangat baik
haro = ada
maganu = memberi
manganu = mengambil
kesiwatan = peluang
tulun = orang
barajal = belajar
Gumamas = membuang rumput
baang = sungai besar
Lumuyud = banjir
Mindahu = pergi ke ladang
Mihad = menangis
sada-ikan
ponsu-mandi
waig-air
sikul-sekolah
kumut-selimut
Rumah - walai/lamin
Kelapa - Piasau
Ayam - Manuk
Jalan-jalan - Mimpanau
Tasu = Anjing
Tungau = Kucing
Tombolog = Burung
Wogok = Babi
Tulanut = Ular
Gobuk = Orang Utan
Kara = Monyet
Pungit = Kelawar
Puok = Burung Hantu
Bosing = Tupai
Sada = Ikan

Tulu = Kepala
Kabang = Mulut
Todung = Hidung
Liow = Leher
Mato = Mata
Turos = Muka
Tolingo = Telinga
Longon = Tangan
Gakod = Kaki
Tunturu = Jari
Po'oh = Paha
Busul = Punggung/pantat
Likud = Belakang
Tikagang = Tulang Rusuk
Totud = Lutut
Sondulu = Kuku
Tobuk = Rambut
Tutok = Otak
Pingas = Pipi
Tian = Perut
Tuhat = Urat
Raha = Darah
Dila = Lidah
Nipon = Gigi

Contoh Ayat:

Muhang oku dika= Saya Suka Kamu!
isai ngaran nu?= Siapa nama kamu?
Kisawo kono? =Adakah kamu sdh berkahwin?
Kano moi poginum= mari pg aramai ti!!
louson oku = saya lapar
ah oku louson =  saya tidak lapar
tuuhan oku = saya haus
ah oku tuuhan  = saya tidak haus
no yahan oku no =  saya kenyang sudah
ah oku po noyahan = saya belum kenyan
Osonong kopio tadau baino = bagus betul cuaca hari ini
Aik otopot be? = betulkah?


Selamat Pagi: osonong kosuabon 

Oh, selamat pagi, selamat pagi juga kepada kamu: oh, osonong kosuabon, kopisanangan nogi kumaa d-ya

Selamat malam: osonong totuong

Oh, selamat mlm, selamat malam juga kepada anda: oh, kopisanangan totuong nogi kumaa id d-ya.


Selamat petang: osonong sodopon

ya, selamat petang juga kepada anda: ba, osonong sodopon nogi kumaa d-ya


selamat tengahari:  osonong dangadau

ya, selamat tengah hari juga kepada saudara: om, osonong dangadau nogi kumaa dia topinai

nota:

• osonong-selamat/baik/bagus- disesuaikan mengikut penggunaan
• kosuabon- pagi
• totuong-malam
• sodopon-petang
• dangadau-tengahari
• topinai- saudara/sahabat

PERBUALAN SEHARIAN

siapakah nama anda?: isai ngaran nu?

nama saya ialah .....your name.........: ngaran ku nopo nga i ....your name.........

nota:

• sebutan i adalah iee tapi ditulis sebagai i dalam kamus kadazandusun
• ngaran: nama
• isai: siapa

mari kita(jemput) makan?= kaino makan.
ok, good idea= ba, osonong kopio no (digunakan apabila anda menerima)
tidak paya la susah2 saya suda makan=oh, kada no. nakaakan okuno ti. (jika anda menolak)

nota:

• kaino=mari
• kada=tidak paya / jangan= ikut penggunaan
• jangan buat= kada wonsoyo(won-so-yo)= penggunaan "kada" yang lain adalah ayat perintah.

mari(jemput) minum: kaino minum
ok, boleh jg.: ba, obuli nogi

anda hendak pergi ke mana?: hombo oh ongoyon nu?
saya mau pergi ke.....tpt..... : Mongoi oku hilo.....tpt.....

nota:

• hombo: pergi mana
• ongoyon: hendak

adakah anda pergi ke.....(tempat,rumah,majlis or......): mongoi ko hilo ....................
 ya, saya pergi. : oh, mongoi oku.
 tidak, saya tidak pergi: amu, ah oku mongoi.

nota;

• amu: tidak
• hilo: pergi ke

siapa ini?: isai ti?

 si john: i john bo ti

Senang kan? Happy learning! <3

Resepi Kek Batik

Bahan-bahan

1. 250g buttercup
2. 200g milo (paket kecil)
3. Susu pekat f&n (2 sudu) – subjektif ye, kalau korang kuat manis masukkan la lebih, so far pakai 2 sudu ni okay okay je, tak manis sangat
4. Serbuk koko van houten (1 sudu)
5. 1 paket biskut marie(munchys) – patah2kan kecil2
6. Air panas (1/4 cawan)

Cara-caranya

1. Cairkan buttercup(guna kuali lebih senang)
2. Masukkan 2 sudu susu pekat
3. Masukkan 200g milo
4. Masukkan 1 sudu serbuk koko
5. Air panas sedikit
(Sentiasa kacau, masa masukkan air panas, masuk sikit-sikit dulu, jangan masuk 1 jug pulak)

Makesure guna api kecil ye. Kacau sehingga tak berketul. Once rasa da okay, masukkan biskut marie. Kacau sebati, makesure semua biskut kene coklat. Ambil loyang, letak baking paper. Baking paper murah jee hangpa kat kedai bakery. Masukkan dalam loyang, mampatkan sehingga betul-betul padat, kalau rasa penat berdiri, duduk laaa tau hahahaha kaang lenguh pulaak kaki. Masukkan dalam peti ais atleast 4 jam.

resepi coklat ganache:

1. 100g dark coklat
2. 100g milk coklat
3. 1 kotak kecil whipping cream anchor
4. 1 sudu butter

Double boilkan semua, then siap. Curah atas kek batik. Ratakan coklat biar semua penjuru kena. Masuk dalam peti ais dan Sejukkan lagi. Then, potong ikut la besar mane hangpa nak. Maka siapla kek batik. Sedia untuk dimakan. 

Resepi Popia Carbonara

Bahan: 

1 peket kulit popia
1 tin cendawan butang (didadu)
1 tin carbonara mushroom
5 batang sosej (didadu)
3 keping daging burger (dihancurkan guna garfu)
2 batang carrot (diracik halus)
1 biji bawang holland (didadu)
3 biji bawang putih (didadu)
1 ketul kiub ayam
3 keping cheese
Sedikit serbuk lada hitam
Sedikit garam
Sedikit gula
1 sudu marjerin (untuk menumis)

Cara-caranya:

Cairkan marjerin
Tumis bawang putih & bawang holland smpai naik bau
Masukkan kiub ayam
Masukkan daging burger hancur tadi
Tumis sampai air daging keluar
Masukkan sosej
Masukkan cendawan butang
Masukkan carrot

Kacau sampai sebati
Masukkan satu tin sos carbonara prego
Kacau lagi
Masukkan 3 keping cheese tadi
Kacau rata sampai cheese cair
Masukkan sedikit lada hitam,gula & garam(ikut sesedap rasa)
Biar pekat sedikit dan tutup api

Biar sejuk seketika & bolehlah mulakan proses menggulung popia 😉

**anggaran dpt dlm 40 keping popia**

Factors that contribute to the Golden Age of Malacca

The kingdom of Malacca was founded by Parameswara, a prince of Palembang, in the 14^th century.

-          He developed Malacca to be a very supreme and outstanding kingdom. He made Malacca as the world trade centre and centre for spreading the teaching of Islam and knowledge.  His glorious achievement was continued by his successors after him. Malacca achieved its golden age and became a great kingdom as well as strong empire in the Malay Archipelago during the reign of Sultan Mansur Syah. There are few factors that contributed to its supreme and outstanding during that time.

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Geographical factors

     Malacca is strategically located in the Straits of Malacca as a trade route between east and west. Merchants from China and India will stop at Malacca to trade and getting food supplies. Its location provided protection for ships during rough seas and enabled it to develop into a safe port. The narrow pathway of the straits also enables the government to easily control the merchant ships’ passing in and out. 

     Political and administration factors

     Strong diplomatic ties between China and Malacca provide opportunities for Malacca to gain political protection from stronger Siam and Majapahit.  Malacca also has complete security and military features especially with the involvement of Orang Laut and the figures of the government. The existence of efficient administrative structures and a good legal system  helped the government to maintain its peace and security.  They also have strong leadership which is capable leaders such as Sultan Mansur Shah as King, Tun Perak as Bendahara and Hang Tuah as Laksamana. Malacca have good financial and taxation system where the taxes impose to the traders were regarded as fair and reasonable. 

     Economic factors

     Malacca has luxurious abundance of trading items from other major trade regions. They are rich with natural resources and commodities such as spices, resin, timber and rattan, gold and tin. Because of that, Malacca has become a major trading hub and plays an important role as a successful entrepot port. 

   

Social factors

The adoption of Bahasa Melayu as lingua franca also contributed to the Golden Age of Malacca. Bahasa Melayu has been widely used in Malacca.  Foreign traders did not face any communication problems with the officials because they can speak Malay. Bahasa Melayu is also used in other states near Malacca or Malacca colony. The language also used in social, administrative, economic, religious and educational relations.  

Reasons for the fall of Malacca in 1511

-          The kingdom of Malacca was founded by Parameswara, a prince of Palembang, in the 14^th century. He developed Malacca to be a very supreme and outstanding kingdom. He made Malacca as the world trade centre and centre for spreading the teaching of Islam and knowledge. His glorious achievement was continued by his successors after him. Malacca achieved its golden age and became a great kingdom as well as strong empire in the Malay Archipelago during the reign of Sultan Mansur Syah. After experiencing its golden age, Malacca finally reached at its downfall after the death of Sultan Mansur Syah. there are few factors that contributed in this downfall;

-         The weaknesses of Malacca’s defence system 

      The situation became worse and critical when the Portuguese led by Alfonso Albuquerque attacked Malacca. For Malacca soldiers, they are losing of skills because they are not involved in war for a long time. They had been using traditional weapons such as kris, arrow and spear during the war with Portuguese. Whereas, Portuguese used modern weapons such as cannon and the armed forces have well-equipped weapons and good strategic planning with the guidance of Alfonso. Before Portuguese attack Malacca, they had conquered Goa India so they have support of army from Goa India. But for Malacca, the mercenary soldiers from Jawa abandoned state during war.

-         Power struggle among elite 

      Weak ruling government is the root cause to the fall of the Malacca Sultanate. They were overdependence on Tun Perak until they cannot find a capable leader to replace him.  After the death of Bendahara Tun Perak, Malacca lacked an efficient leader as the replacement of Tun Perak which is Tun Mutahir was weak leader as he more concern on his personal welfare and biased during his administration. Many of the ministers expressed their dissatisfaction with this aspect of the way of his management style. As a result, there were often struggles for power.

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-        Corruption  

      Sultan Mahmud who paid only a little attention to the administration also enables the officers to act as they pleased. Bribing and defamation were rife and inevitably result in economic instability and discontent among people. Corruption in administration to gain personal wealth had caused the imposed of high taxes on citizens and traders, forced them to shift their attention to Acheh, the other trading port. 

Disunity 

Malacca’s weak position caused the disunited of people and split into factions. Bendahara Tun Mutahir is an Indian Muslim. His weak administration and practiced favouritism had caused the Malays to become hostile towards them and develop into racial tension. Bendahara Tun Mutahir been appointed had caused the jealousy among Malays and the evident was when Sultan Mahmud commanded Bendahara Tun Mutahir and Tun Ali to be sentence to death at the betrayal by Raja Mandaliar and Laksamana Khoja Hassan, an Indian native.  Bendahara Tun Perak’s son Tepok been appointed as Bendahara but he was too old. All of these factors had causes the disunity among the residents of Malacca. 

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